Texting vs. Drinking While Driving

Kameron Colley Maribeth Farr English 101 October 3, 2012 Texting While Driving vs. Drinking While Driving Texting and drinking while driving are very serious. Many negative things can be avoided by someone choosing to make the right decisions. While driving the person's undivided attention should be focused on the road and surroundings ahead. A person never knew what could happen while driving. Texting while driving are similar because they both have consequences, are a distraction, and can be fatal. The first way texting and drinking while driving are similar is because they both have consequences.If someone is texting while driving they are increasing not only the possibility of killing themselves but of killing someone else. If someone is caught texting and driving, the officer in charge is responsible for issuing them a ticket or fine. Also, points will be marked off against their driver's licenses. If someone is caught driving under the influence, the officer in charge is requir ed to arrest the driver. Once they are in custody a fine will be issued, alcohol classes are scheduled, and the person's drivers license will be suspended or revoked.The consequences can easily be avoided by choosing to make the right decisions. The consequences behind texting and drinking while driving should not be taken lightly. The second way texting and drinking while driving are similar is because they are both a distraction from driving. While texting and driving the person is paying more attention to their phone than the road. The average text message takes a person's eyes off the road for an average of five seconds. This means they are driving blindly, unaware of their surroundings increasing their chances of wrecking.Drinking while driving is a serious hazard not only to the person driving, but the people surrounding them. Drinking while driving is a distraction because the person is mentally unstable. This causes the person not to be capable of driving. The amount of brai n activity that is focused on driving is reduced because they are unable to focus on their surroundings. Choosing not to text or drink while driving increases your ability to concentrate on the road. The distraction behind texting and drinking while driving is something people should really consider before choosing to make a decision that could be dangerous.The final way texting and drinking while driving are similar is because they both can be fatal. When a person is texting and driving they are not completely focused on the road. This could cause them not to see the person, vehicle, or object in front of them. Drinking while driving can be fatal because the person is mentally unaware of the road or their surroundings. A person being mentally unstable increases their chances of wrecking. How would someone feel knowing that they could of prevented the accident. They could of kept from taking someone's life or their own by just following the law and making the right decisions.Fatalit y is something that can be easily prevented if people would only choose to not text and drink while driving. Texting and drinking while driving are similar because they both have consequences, are a distraction, and can be fatal. A person is not capable of concentrating on the road while texting and drinking while driving. Many wrecks, injuries, and fatalities are caused by texting and drinking while driving everyday. Only if people would choose to make the right decisions, the wrecks could easily be avoided.

Family Violence in New Zealand

Sally washed the dishes and began to dry them. All of a sudden, she heard the door slam. ‘Girl! Where's my food? ‘ the voice yelled. Sally began shaking and hunting frantically for the dish. Her seven year old fingers dropped the plate and it shattered on the floor. Her father stomped into the kitchen and began to threaten to beat her. Think this story is horrifying and unrealistic? Think again. Scenarios like this happen to thousands of children every day. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking.Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behaviour is, the more unimaginable it seems. But the incidence of parents and other caregivers consciously, even wilfully, committing acts that harm the very children they’re supposed to be nurturing is a sad fact of human society that cuts across all lines of ethnicity and class. Whether the abuse is from the perpetrator’s mental illness,  substance abuse, or inability to cope, the psychological result for each abused child is often the same: deep emotional scars and a feeling of worthlessness.Statistics show that family violence in New Zealand has increased by 20%. Child, Youth and Family had 66,210 notifications of suspected child abuse involving 47,221 children were received by Child, Youth and Family in 2005 and 2006. Now it has risen to over 130,000 notifications. Woman’s Refuge have been helping between 450–600 families per month and on average 14 woman, 6 men and 10 children are killed each year by a member of their family. Police figures report 9,630 male assaults and female assaults increased nationally by 40% in years up to 2008.Police attended 86,545 Family Violence callouts; there were roughly 200 Family Violence incidents per day one every 7 minutes. Police estimate that on average 18% of Family Violence incidents go unreported and at least 74,785 children and young people present at Family Violence incidents, 84% of those arrested are men and 16% are women. There were 3,105 temporary protection orders and 2,738 final protection orders involving approximately 10,000 children that were made by the Family Court in the year to 30 June 2006. Barnados, Personal communications, August 2012) For children 26 child victims were murdered by men and 15 child victims were murdered by women. Men are responsible for 2/3rds of the deaths of children aged 0 – 14 years and children under one years of age are at a greater risk of being killed Mothers and fathers are equally represented as perpetrators in this age group (The First Report July 2006. ) These statistics on abuse is a serious problem for such a small country. It is horrific to see how many children get abused everyday around our communities, cities and between the North and South Island.Child abuse is becoming a serious problem in New Zealand and is damaging our childs emotional, physical and cognitive development, which can lead to effects later on in life. There should be more advertising on child abuse and more people should speak up to get the help they are needed. Children are our future so we should be protecting them not hurting them. The role of the adult is to protect their children from any harm or dangerous situations and have a safe positive environment for the child to be in.The adult’s role is to care for the child and ensure that their well-being is being met and that they are nutured. Children at a young age are dependent on adults and need the guidance and support which some children are sadly not getting. The adult needs to be a positive role model in the child’s life and communicate with the child in a positive way. The role of the Early childhood educator is to care for and educate the children in their setting. It is your responsibility to k eep these children safe from any harm or possible danger.Early childhood cetres should provide a positive learning environment where the child is encouraged, praised and acknowledged. Educators should support families and help when needed. It is our goal to make a difference in a child’s life and it should be a positive one. This essay will outline who is abused, the children in our society that are particularly vulnerable to abuse and will state the five main types of abuse that are addressed in New Zealand. It will discuss the short term and long term effects of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect and family violence for both children and families.It will discuss the positive and negative effects on a community of a suspected child abuse case and discuss why it is important for children to know how to protect themselves through three strategies. This essay will explain what early childhood teachers should do to protect themselves from allegations when working in an e arly childhood setting and give two examples of two voluntary services in New Zealand which support children who have been abused and support the children and their families these services are Otautahi Refuge and Barnyards.The final part of this essay will evaluate the role of both voluntary and private services in supporting children and their families under pressure these services are Child, Youth and Family and Cholmdeley Children’s Home it will discuss the usefulness and limitations of each service then finally conclude the key aspects. There are four main types of abuse around the world these are emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. There is also a fifth type of abuse in New Zealand which is family violence. Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Every child can be exposed to violence and many children can be vulnerable to abuse. Children In our society that is living with the following factors can be more vulnerable to abuse. A child with a young mother that has a low self-esteem that may have little support and is unable to cope with stress. A parent that has a psychiatric history or mental illness. A child who is living with an unrelated adult, a child that lives in an environment with family violence or the parent or family member has a history of abuse.Other factors can include Excessive use of alcohol, drug taking, poverty, lack of essential resources, the parent has dissatisfaction with the child and is unwanted, social isolation where there is no family support and minimal antenatal care. (Simcock, 2011). Infants and children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable and are at a higher risk of being abused. Babies and under two’s are the most vulnerable of all children, because they are fully dependent on adults to care for them.It is also easier for parents to become isolated at this time because the child may not be in preschool and will not have much contact with the outside world. This can make it harder prof essionals or others to identify when things aren’t quite right. (Child, Youth Family, 2011). Some offenders abuse children because they are attracted to their dependency; this combined with society’s attitude towards disabled people can increase the risk of disabled children and those that have learning difficulties being abused.Children with disabilities are less likely to receive information on abuse and might not understand the inappropriateness of abuse and the difference between good and bad touching. Children with disabilities may receive less affection from family and friends who can make them be more accepting to sexual attention. Children with disabilities are more vulnerable because they could be less likely to tell someone what has happened because of communication disabilities as well as they might not be believed. (Beaver, et al. 2008). There are short term and long term effects that each type of abuse can have on children and families. â€Å"Verbal and p sychological wounds can leave a child forever changed†. (Teach through love, 2012). The effects of emotional abuse are often silent and are often overlooked, unnoticed or confused with other causes. Emotional child abuse, attacks a child's self-concept, the child comes to see him or herself as unworthy of love and affection. The long term effects of child abuse may not be shown until the child is older.Less severe forms of early emotional deprivation still can produce drastic effects of emotional abuse such as babies who will grow into anxious and insecure children who are slow to develop and who may fail to develop a strong sense of self-esteem. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. teach-through-love. com/effects-of-emotional-abuse. html). The long term effect on neglect from poor health show that adults who experienced abuse or neglect during childhood are more likely to suffer from physical ailments such as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and ulcers (Sp ringer, Sheridan, Kuo, & Carnes, 2007).Sexual abuse effects on children and youth can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was only one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. When a child is sexually abused she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection their well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection.Short term effects could include some form of bruising on the child, long term effects can include depression, extreme dependency, inability to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. Children's bodies can often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. child-abuse-effects. com/sexual-abuse-effects. html). Physical abuse is a behaviour which results in physical harm to a child. Short term effects of physical abuse ma y include unexplained bruises, welts, cuts and abrasions these can be found in unusual places and should be looked out for in case they are a regular occurrence.Short term effects also include burn marks and unexplained fractures or dislocations which can be unusual for a child at a young age. The child may not be able to trust and be fearful of physical contact. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Family violence is like a war zone in the family household. It is where children live an in environment characterised by fear, frustration, anger, cruelty and violence. Children that are exposed to family violence can have short term effects this could be when the child develops severe behavioural problems, become violent as adolescents and for long term effects they could continue the cycle of violence. chrome://newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/Site/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). Family violence can cause the child to have a low self-esteem, poor academic results when older, and ca n have a fear of developing close relationships. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/Site/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). The long terms effects that abuse can have on the family could be that the abuser might not know they are constantly putting the child down and neglecting them, the adult may not see any harm in it.The child might show signs when they are older that they have been emotionally abused and their parents may question why they are acting or have feelings that way. The victim (child) may have no trust in adults and might not be able to form close relationships. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on the family will be if someone notices the child being abused they could report it to the agency for example CYFS (Child, Youth and Family) and the abuser could be charged against and put into jail depending on the seriousness of the abuse.The family will get a name for themselves and the family will be torn apart. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Child a buse can affect anyone, even children in your own community. The effects on a suspected child abuse case in the community can have both negative and positive effects. The positive effects are that the community will be aware of what is going on around them and can look out for families that may be vulnerable to abuse â€Å"The more people there are looking out for children, the safer they’ll be† (Child, Youth and Family, pg. 25).The community watch will intervene if needed but will keep a look out to see if there is any unexpected behaviour that should not be occurring. Helpful ways that the community can get involved will be listening and supporting the family, putting them in touch with people that can help. The community could send out brochures or have community group meetings that discuss abuse, what to look out for and if needed where to get help and support from. This will allow the family to feel a sense of support from the community and get the help that is ne eded.The negatives about the community suspecting could be that the family may hear gossip that is going around and feel like they are being named and discriminated against. The family may have a feeling of being ‘judged’ and from that feel isolated from everyone in the community. Children of a young age are often unaware or naive of potential danger and therefore vulnerable to abuse or bullying. Because of this it is important that children know how to protect themselves from abuse, bullying and to be aware when they could be in possible danger.The best way to protect children is to empower them to protect themselves, by doing this they need to feel good about them and then will have a high level of confidence, self-esteem and be assertive therefore making them less vulnerable to abuse and bullying. The childcare practitioner has a professional duty and responsibility to protect the welfare of the children in their care. Children should feel that they are able to come to the childcare practitioner for help and protection, but will only be able to do this once a trusting relationship has been built up between them.The childcare practitioner also has a responsibility to involve the parents in helping children to protect themselves, as the message given to the children needs to be consistent. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). One way that I would teach a child to protect themselves would be through a learning experience that involves how to take care of the babies in the centre. I will demonstrate and role model how to care for the babies by being gentle, bathing them appropriately being calm and feeding them the right foods.I will show them how to correctly hold a baby and have conversations on why you should never drop or shake a baby. From this experience children will develop awareness of what is appropriate and what is inappropriate and if you have a strong relationship with the child they may approach you and say that it’s not the way their youn ger siblings are being treated at home, this will then lead to questioning of abuse. Hide and seek is not only just a game but it can be used to prevent children from family violence, physical and sexual abuse.As a practitioner you can talk to the children about being in an uncomfortable situation for example if there is a lot of yelling or someone being hit in the household or if you ever feel unsafe to run and hide under their bed or lock themselves in the bathroom if there is a lock on the door and not to come out until it is safe. This is a hard strategy to tell children because you do not want to scare or upset the children so you have to say it in a relaxed way. This can help prevent the child from the abuser or witnessing any forms of abuse.Another strategy that I can teach would be teaching the children about their body parts and what is appropriate to touch and what is inappropriate to touch. This is a hard subject to address because you could explain to the children that n o one other than someone they trust can touch their ‘private’ areas for example when nappy changing and washing but other than that they should not touch them. â€Å"Your body is your own†. (Finkelhor, D. pg. 59, 2007). Teaching children that their body is their own and that no one can touch it without permission.Establishing open and direct communication at a very early age about sexuality and â€Å"private body parts†, using the correct names for genitals and other parts of the body, will help children understand what is and what is not allowed for adults in contact with them. This will also help them recognise embarrassing or abusive behaviour. To teach this to children I could use a board story of the body and get the children to identify each part and whether it is okay for other children and adults they don’t trust to touch them there or not, this could allow conversations to start and the children may ask questions. Finkelhor, D. 2007). Safe and unsafe touching. Teach children the difference between safe/appropriate and unsafe/inappropriate touching. Tell children it is not okay if someone looks at or touches their private parts or asks them to look at or touch someone’s private parts, and that inappropriate touches are wrong and against the law. If they are not sure whether someone else’s behaviour towards them is acceptable, make sure they know to ask a trusted adult for help. (Finkelhor, D. 2007).Early childhood teachers need to protect themselves when working in an early childhood setting to protect ourselves from allegations of child abuse. Centres should have a set of policies and procedures set in place so that parents, caregivers and whanau can view these at any time. If a child has an accidental injury it must be recorded in a book stating what happened, how you fixed it and ensure that it is signed by a witness. If a child makes false allegations against you, record the dates and time it was said and get another adult to witness if it is possible.If a child touches a teacher inappropriately, record what happened and let another adult know what happened. When you go on school trips ensure that you have enough staff for ratios. As a teacher you need to make sure you don’t place yourself in a position where you are spending a huge amount of time alone with one child this could lead to assumptions. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). If you are an early childhood teacher in a home based setting, never take a child into your bedroom or take children in the car by yourself unless you have that trust with the parent/caregiver.When changing a child’s nappy, clothing and bathing ensure that there is someone with you, most centres have see-through windows in there toileting area. When it comes toileting never wipe a child’s bottom when they are capable of doing it for themselves, avoid going on your own to the toilet with children. Keep in mind of how and where you touch a child. If a child is really young or disabled consider a cushion for your lap when they sit on your knee. If a child hugs you or kisses you be careful if it extends.If you are going out of the room with a child for example to the store room to help get paint make sure you tell another teacher or adult where you’re going and make sure you are not out there for a long period of time. Early childhood teachers need to ensure that they follow these procedures in order to protect themselves. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). Otautahi woman’s refuge is a community based, voluntary organisation that have been operating since 1989 with the purpose of supporting whanau Maori to escape family violence and move towards wellbeing.Otautahi empower and support whanau Maori and communities who choose a free life from violence and abuse in all forms. Otautahi have a safe house which is primarily for Female Maori and tamariki who are involved or in immediate family violence situations this allow s the family to be safe from harm, confidential and supervised at all times, Otautahi also have outreach support to both perpetrator and victim. They provide a 24hour seven days a week support

Case Study of a Care Plan for a Patient suffering multiple health problems

Case Study of a Care Plan for a Patient suffering multiple health problems In this assignment it will define and discuss a nursing intervention for a client with a long enduring mental health illness. A systematic approach will be used the nursing process and the role of the mental health nurse will be clearly identified in providing care for the client. The nursing process consists of four stages, the assessment, planning, implementing and evaluation. This problem solving approach will be adopted to structure, organise, and present the nursing intervention. A fully detailed client’s profile will be given. The â€Å"mental health assessment and plan† process will also be addressed. The client will be involved in the whole process as far as possible in order to empower him / her, a plan that is person centred and interventions that are evidence based will be displayed in the assignment. In this profile a pseudonym (James) will be used in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, (NMC, 2002) to maintain confidentiality. The need of the Multi – Displinary Team (MDT) for collaboration will be discussed in order to safe guard the patient to share skills and knowledge and to improve the quality of care. James is a 65 year old man with a diagnosis of severely depression and excessive alcohol intake. He was detained under section 3 of the mental health act (1983) at a low secure unit. James was admitted into the unit 12 months ago his index offence being physical assault and attempted suicide through an overdose with his prescribed medication for his depression and insomnia. He shares the house with four other men in the unit. James is potentially active and usually manages his day to day living activities as well as attending day care sessions without much prompting. However, he had recently become very reluctant to attend to his personal hygiene. This became worse when James started going for days without washing or bathing himself. His room was never cleaned hence having a bad odour because of his leg ulcer a nd he refuses the Tissue Viability Nurse (TV) to change the dressings regularly. Care Programme Approach (1991) which aims to improve the co-ordination of services and collaboration between the various agencies, carers and service user. The introduction of the CPA in (1991) was to provide shape, coherence to what had often been haphazard, uncoordinated attempts to provide support in the care for people with severe mental illnesses (DOH1991). CPA is a statutory framework within which bio-psycho-social needs assessments is carried out (Norman and Ryrie 2004). This odour was because James would not change allowing the TV nurse to dress his leg ulcer for days. At his previous review meeting, issues around his hygiene had been viewed as hazardous to his health and also the health of staff since there were times when they would have to go into his room now and again. If James had no day care sessions to attend to he would sit and watch television. James also had a fairly huge appetite, he was observed to be frequently asking for more food at meal times. The other factor that proved he had a huge appetite was that he always asked for tea and biscuits several times between meals. This could be seen as poor eating patterns as Henderson (2001) implied that frequent binging is a factor behind poor eating patterns. Concerns about his weight gain had recently been discussed in his review meeting. James had of late become very withdrawn, wanting to be alone all the time. In an interview with him, he expressed how he felt useless and not having any faith in himself.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Case Study Example Hence the only available option is $1250 thousand dollars. 5. The formula to calculate terminal value using the perpetuity method is given as: FCFn X (1+g) / WACC –g, where FCFn is the FCF for the last 12 months of the projection period, g is the perpetuity growth rate and WACC is the weighted average cost of capital. Using this formula, 6. Total interest expense from 1971 to 1976, based upon Exhibit 7 equals 3049 thousand. The actual Interest tax shield (interest expense X tax rate) in a given year equals the minimum of the calculated Its and the projected taxes before the ITS is applied. ITS for each year is thus given as follows: 7. The Adjusted Present Value method may be calculated as the sum of the FCFs discounted by the cost of the assets plus the interest tax shields which are discounted at the cost of debt. The present enterprise value of the corporation for 1971: The free cash flow available in 1971 is $726 thousand. The terminal value is $10,010. Therefore, the sum of PCF and TV is 10726. The interest tax shield available in 1971 is $99372; hence the present adjusted value of the enterprise is $10825372 or about $10 million. 8. Since the investors are prepared to provide $4750 thousand at the rate of 9%, the interest payable amounts to $2,137,500. In order to ensure that the investors are motivated to offer the large amount of capital, the company needs to make sure that they are allowed purchase at least 6 million shares as

Ecology - research projects and Presentations Task - topic Desert Essay

Ecology - research projects and Presentations Task - topic Desert - Essay Example In some deserts, there are gold and granite fields, also exploited from time immemorial. The main economic resource of the deserts is in any case oil, with the richest fields being located in the Persian Gulf (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Iran). This rather small area contains 65% of the world’s oil resources; Saudi Arabia alone contains 25% and is therefore the country possessing the largest amounts of crude oil. Deserts have provided trade corridors from times immemorial through which goods and cultures travelled. Water-soluble salts, such as gypsum, borates, table salt, sodium and potassium nitrates have been historically a product of deserts. Because of their warm climate, deserts also export agricultural products, produced under irrigation, to non-desert areas. Agriculture and horticulture are already profitable in many deserts, as in Israel and Tunisia, and have great further potential. The growth of desert cities, clearly evidenced in industrial countries in the mid-twentieth century, has attracted the migration of non-desert people into desert habitats, drawn by new employment opportunities and the availability of cheap housing. In recent years, the influx of tourists to deserts, seeking the dry and sunny climate, has encouraged migration to deserts as well. Water or basically the lack of water is one of the most important desert features. Typically, deserts receive less than 508 millimeters (20 in.) of rain per year. This means that animals and plants looking to survive in the desert must be able to live with little water for extended periods of time Deserts have huge fluctuations in temperatures. Because there is little moisture, deserts lack the insulating protection of both humidity and cloud cover. A desert that is hot during the day may drop to well below zero degrees at night, once the heat of the sun has left.   Soil: The

Industrial Relations in UK and Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Industrial Relations in UK and Japan - Essay Example The term 'industrial relations' came into common use in Britain and North America during the 1920s. It has been joined by personnel management and, since the 1980s, human resource management (HRM). All there denote a particular activity (the management of people) and the area of academic enquiry. It covers relationship between manger and worker in all spheres of economic activity. The focus is employment: all forms of economic activity in which an employee works under the authority of an employer and receives a wage in return for his or her labour. Industrial relations thus excludes domestic labour and also self-employed and professionals who work under own account. Most studies of industrial relations have focused on the intuitions involved with the collective bargaining, arbitration and other forms of job regulation. However, we see industrial relations as dealing with all aspects of employee relationship including human resource management. Although the study of employment relations focuses on the regulation of work, it must take into account of the wider economic and social influences on the relative power of capital and labour and the interaction of the employers, workers, their collective organizations and the state. Adam (1988) sees industrial relations as having a dual character: it is both an interdisciplinary and a separate discipline in its own right'. Adopting an internationally comparative approach to employment relations not only insight from several disciplines but also knowledge of different national context. In this paper I will try to examine the ways in which comparative analysis can contribute to an understanding of the factors that shape national patterns of employment relations and identify the main features of two different countries. Industrial relations system Perhaps the most famous conceptual framework is Dunlop's (1958) notion of an 'industrial relations system'. Dunlop argues that the industrial relations system includes three sets of 'actors' and their representative organizations (the three parties): employers, workers and the state. These parties' relations are determined by three environmental context: the technology; market forces; and the relative power and status of the parties. Employment relations UK The United Kingdom has a total population of 60 million people and a labour force participation rate of 75 percent. The UK has fewer people employed in agriculture than any other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country. About 27 percent of its other civilian population employees work in the industry. The remaining 70 percent work in service. There has been a greater decline in its 'industry' category since 1970 than any other OECD country. In spite the relative growth of services, there was steep rise in unemployment. 12 percent in the year 1986 before subsequently falling to 7 percent in the late 1990s. British politics has been dominated by two parties since 1945. The Conservative Party's support is strongest among the business and rural communities. By contrast, the Labour Party's support is traditionally strongest in the urban working class communities, through this has broadened. A significant but reducing proportion of its fund still comes from affiliated trade unions. There are several other political parties, including Liberal Democrats and nationalist parties

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations Research Paper

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations - Research Paper Example In terms of the history of accounting information, Macve theorized that the accounting of business transactions during the Greek and Roman period and contradictions to the conceptual framework of accounting were easy overshadowed (Macve 1994; 57). Accounting had grown in popularity during the medieval and modern times (Macve 1994). The compulsory implementation of the International Accounting standards –based conceptual framework of accounting enhances the preparation and communication of accounting reports. FASB and IASB published Conceptual frameworks as guides for the preparation of financial reports. The WorldCom, Enron, and other accounting scandals have precipitated to the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act. Presently, there is a move to harmonise the U.S. conceptual framework and the U.K. conceptual framework (King 2006). Interested parties contribute their inputs to increase the ease in formulating the conceptual framework of accounting. A conceptual framework serves as a guide in the preparation of accounting report. Likewise, Godfrey emphasized that one of the advantages of incorporating the conceptual framework of accounting is the successful transfer of information to the interested parties to improve the globalization of business organizations (Jayne Godfrey 2007). GAAP and the international accounting standards. The purpose of the synchronization is to have a single set of accounting standards. The single set of accounting standards would increase communication and feedback. The users of the financial statements should receive the information from the preparers in crystal –clear fashion. The best to ensure the vividness is to have only one conceptual framework of accounting. In November 2009, the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the London –based International Accounting Standards Board or (IASB) confirmed their desire to rush the convergence. A third progress report was

Campaign Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Campaign Finance - Essay Example The Supreme Court Case Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission did extend the free speech rights to the corporations. However, in the light of the doubts raised by the documentary Big Sky, Big Money and a thorough perusal of the views of Justice Anthony Kennedy and Justice John Paul Stevens in the given case, it would be pragmatic and fair to say that corporations should not have the free speech rights as the individual citizens and much more needs to be done to protect the American elections from the influence of â€Å"big money†. The big question is to decide as to what extent the personification of corporations should be allowed in a democratic society like the US? This question needs to be analyzed in the light of the assertion made by Justice Stevens that â€Å"†the special characteristics of the corporate structure require particularly careful regulation† in an electoral context (Stevens 301).† Thereby, the one salient characteristic of corpora tions is the kind of financial wherewithal they have at their disposal, to influence the outcomes of an election. This doubt needs to be approached in the context of the claim made by Professor David Parker of Montana State University in the documentary Big Sky, Big Money that in Montana elections, almost 68 % of the money being ascribed to the election campaigns could be traced to outside groups, who are taking the advantage of the Citizens United vs. ... It simply amounts to a base and shallow playing with the statutory rules to pump corporate money into the election campaigns of the select candidates, as Rodell Mollineou, the President of the research group American Bridge extending services to 501C4 groups like WTP blatantly asserts in the documentary that â€Å"I am playing by the rules given to me (Frontline 1).† Thereby, the Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission in a way gave a free hand to the corporations to use the pecuniary power at their disposal, to extend the much needed financial brawn to the candidates whose views happen to be in tandem with their designs. Till today the biggest obstacle before the corporate interference in the American election system was the challenge as to â€Å"How to use money to effect elections without disclosing where money is coming from (Frontline 1).† The Supreme Court decision in one stroke ameliorated this impediment by declaring corporate financing of private issue advocacy groups like WTP to be legal. The other salient hassle before the corporate interference in the election process was the onus of endowing this criminal practice with a moral justification. However the premise lay down by the Supreme Court decision that the independent corporate election expenditure aided the cause of democracy by increasing â€Å"the number of issues discussed, the depth of their exploration, and the size of the audience reached (Kennedy 296)†, further facilitated the corporate electoral intentions. As was expected, this decision provided the much needed fuel to the corporate lobbyists like the campaign finance attorney James Bopp to accrue the much required

Current event and Us Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Current event and Us Diplomacy - Essay Example rld War Two and dominated decades of international crisis and major global affairs as the countries engaged in psychological, technological, economic and even sports competitions to exercise and stage a sense of supremacy over the other. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the doctrine employed by John F. Kennedy during his tenure as president. Kennedy took over the most important position in the global arena – the presidency of the United States, at a time when tensions between the US-led West and the Soviet-led East were quite evident, because of this premise the foremost agenda for the president during his tenure was to identify and then curb the growth of communism. Kennedy’s vision was that of a stronger America that had the ability to conquer the challenges communism posed for freedom. According to many commentators Kennedy actually had very little ideology in the creation of his foreign policy other than his anti-communist sentiments and an unparalleled belief in the capability of strong governance. In his inaugural address Kennedy made his belief and desire for expected action against communism very clear when he addressed the issue in the following words; â€Å"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate† (John F. Kennedy, 1961). Kennedy’s presidency saw the o ccurrence of notable events such as increased participation of the United States in the Vietnam War and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Many commentators have argued, assessed and discussed the emergence of presidential doctrines and their origins, until the arrival of the twentieth century the only presidential doctrine that actually had the name of a president associated with it was that of Monroe’s (Brands, 2006). The Kennedy Doctrine arrived at a crucial time for the United States, outlining the foreign policy agenda for his establishment, the major tenets for the policy firstly outlined that the United States would not pursue any military initiative

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Winston Churchill - Essay Example His thoughts and writings can be considered as an authority in the fields that he excelled in. At a glance Winston Churchill is a noted statesman, a known orator and strategist, a leader in different disciplines such as the British Army and a gifted writer of historical literature. The main purpose of the study undertaken is to be able to present the events in the life of Winston Churchill. This includes the achievements, teachings, struggles and the lessons that he made the people learn. All the pertinent data and information that can define him as a person are captured to be able to achieve an understanding of the life that he had led and the decisions that he had made. Winston Churchill was born in the Oxformshire, England, United Kingdom on the 30th of November 1874. He is the son of an English father, Lord Randolph Churchill and an American mother. He is of British nationality that made his contributions to the society until the 24th of January in 1965 when he died at the age of 90 at the Hyde Park, London in England. He is a descendant of the Spencer-Churchill lineage with George Spencer, the Duke of Marlborough, which is his ancestor and his father which is the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and also a politician. On the other hand, his mother, Jennie Jerome, the daughter of an American millionaire named Leonard Jerome. John Strange Spencer-Churchill is his only sibling (Frenz 1969). He was educated at the Harrow and Sandhurst. As a student he can be considered to not conform to the rules thus he is commonly reprimanded. Though this is the case it is the harrow School where he started his military career in 1888 when he joined the Harrow Ri fle Corps. He also studied in the Royal Military Academy which took him 3 admission tries to be able to be admitted but graduated raking 8th in class in December 1894. The said achievement earned him a position as Second Lieutenant in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895 (Frenz 1969). Upon further observation though, the young Winston Churchill excelled in a number of fields such as the Literary English and History. Even in sports the said leader is also a fencing champion. Although this is the case, his enthusiasm in studying is below average which can be related to the speech impediment that he possessed. The said difficulty in speaking had not been a hindrance to the achievements that he had accomplished in his career and his life. The said impediment is considered by some groups as stammering and some as lisping. Winston Churchill is married to Clementine Hozier in 1908 with 5 children namely Diana Churchill (1909), Randolph Spencer Churchill (1911), Sarah Churchill (1914), Marig old Frances Churchill (1918, four days after the end of WWI and died in 1921) and Mary Churchill (1922) (Frenz 1969; Mauter 1998). Winston Churchill excelled in a variety of fields, thus, he can be considered as one of the most prominent characters in modern United Kingdom and the English Region. The army career can be considered as one of the important contribution of W. Churchill on the basis of the fact that he had held essential positions through the short stay in the said discipline. He acquired the position of the Conservative Member of Parliament in the year 1900. In addition, he had been responsible to other essential roles in the Liberal and Conservative governments during the early decades of the century. During WWII, he became First Lord of the Admiralty which is a reappointment from 1911-15. In addition to the said roles, his military career also made him participate in different events. One of which is the battle in the Northwest Frontier with the Malakand Field

IHG future plans Essay Example for Free

IHG future plans Essay IHG’ aggressive growth plan is in full swing. They announced future plans for the largest new-build Crowne Plaza in the U. S. with 300 deluxe guest rooms and suites. Located two miles from Baltimore Washington Airport, the property will be part of a $350 million resort complex, attached to a 90,000 sq. ft state of the art conference center featuring a 50,000 sq. ft. grand ballroom. The hotel is expected to open early 2009. As a part of The Grand Isle Resort, the crowne Plaza will be connected to a 14,000sq. ft. indoor aquatic center featuring the east coast’s most exciting slides and attractions. With 3. 5 million sq. ft. of office space, the resort will be an oasis for the business traveler, conference attendee and family like. The hotel believes its convenient airport location will satisfy both business and leisure travelers. The Crowne Plaza at Grand Isle Resort is owned by ASHA Companies and managed by American Resort Management, LLC, under a license agreement with a company in the IHG. The IHG’ brand has experienced very positive growth over the last two years and in 2006, opened a total of ten hotels in seven countries. The brand will continue its global expansion throughout 2007 including new openings planned in China (Chengdu, Qingdao, Shenzhen, and Jiuzhaigou), the opening of the InterContinental Dubai Festival City, and the launch of the ANA InterContinental Tokyo. The InterContinental Moscow is scheduled to open in 2010. In addition, IHG announced plans for Honduras’ first Holiday Inn Express. The 104 – room Holiday Inn Express in San Pedro Sula will be owned by Desarollos Monumentales under a license agreement with a company in the IHG and is scheduled to open September 2008. Conclusion: The growth of the InterContinental Hotels Group, IHG, into one of the world’s largest hotel groups in the world and the leader in hotel room count is based primarily on its emphasis on its own unique brand distinction and customer loyalty. The strong operating system that it maintains in some of the largest markets has also been significant to the global expansion of the InterContinental Hotels Group. The advertising and marketing entity as well as the global call centers, local language websites, sales, and its Priority Club Rewards (PCR) program that comprise the operating system of the IHG group is unrivaled. Furthermore, the unique quality of these systems work together with the objective of driving brand demand, which has been one of the key strengths of this Hotel Group. From its humble beginnings at the Holiday Inns International in 1988 to its global expansion plans into Asia with the help of its joint venture projects in Japan, the IHG group is set to become even larger. The manner by which the group is able to maintain several different brands such as Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, InterContinental Hotels and Resorts, and Crowne Plaza Hotels and Resorts keeps it ahead of the competition because they are able to cater to a wider class of customers. There are more expansion plans for the future of this highly successful hotel group as they have recently announced the plans for the largest new-build Crowne Plaza in the U. S. as well as new openings planned in China for the year 2007. The challenge that remains for this group lies in being able to expand at a sustainable pace and retain the competitive edge that has kept it at the top of the hotel industry through the various innovations and excellent service that it provides.

Electrical Properties Quantum Transport in Nanowire Device

Electrical Properties Quantum Transport in Nanowire Device David S. Murdoch Nanowires are quasi one-dimensional rod-like nanostructures with diameters in the order of nanometres (10^-9m) and have seemingly unlimited length and a great degree of versatility. Nanowires form as monocrystals in a well defined crystal geometric direction. Nanowire geometry allows for easy contacting of the wires from two sides. Attention is devoted to geometry of nanowires because this is the feature that allows for easy control of electronic properties of nanowires.[1] Growth orientation (e.g. 100), the faceting arrangement (e.g. [100]) and the surface structure (Si(100)) are generally outlined in nanowire investigations and are a generally accepted notation to depict nanowires. A nanowire is thin and diameter is in order of magnitude far smaller than length of nanowire. As diameters gets larger, quantum effects become less significant against bulk material properties. Nanowires have thermoelectric properties, specifically that they have high thermal stability and low thermal conductivity. Quasi one dimensional Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and nanowires are likely composite materials for future electronic devices.[1] Nanowires electrical properties are easier to control than CNTS, therefore are an attractive alternative to CNTs and naturally passivated when semiconducting.[1] Under scrutiny, experimentally grown nanowires always have passivated facets but further study of unpassivated (pristine) nanowires has demonstrate fundamental mechanisms at an atomic-scale. One of which being that passivation is necessary to obtain nanowires with those controllable electrical properties.[1] Semiconductor nanowires can form from materials such as: Silicon, Si Indium Arsenide, InAs Germanium, Ge Indium Phosphide, InP Gallium Nitride, GaN Zinc Oxide, ZnO Cadmium Sulphide, CdS Nanowires can also be made from metallic materials and oxidised to make insulators but semiconducting crystalline nanowires are ultimately more useful in devices. At the atomic-scale, although impurities are useful sometimes, small variations can cause serious unwanted alterations to electronic structure. [1] Semiconducting nanowires are often fabricated via growth mechanisms or synthesised by electrochemical etching. These processes are often done in an aqueous solution with HF acid. The most common method of nanowire growth is Vapour-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism. VLS is a bottom-up process that starts with the dissolution of gaseous semiconducting materials with colloids of a metal catalyst, generally gold or silver [2]. The one-dimensional growth is evoked and dictated by the colloids. Once the colloids are supersaturated with semiconducting material, crystalline nanowire growth will start to occur at a boundary between solid substrate and liquidised material. This particular description was the growth of silicon nanowires. One example of EE is the use Ag catalyst on wafer-scale Si to fabricate a nanowire array. Ag+ ions are reduced in the solution after holes are inserted into the valence band of Si substrate. The reduced Ag nanoparticles dictate the extent of the etching and oxidation processes. Vertically aligned nanowires result from this synthesis.[3] After both methods of fabrication, nanowires remained anchored to substrates and are similarly dependent upon length of diameter for thermoelectric properties. However, wires from EE have much rougher surfaces than that of VLS. [Si nanowires yielded from EE have much rougher surfaces than typical Si nanowires grown via VLS and have less thermal conductance.[3] A heterostructures are the junctions between two different crystalline semiconductor materials essentially two different nanowire materials formed together to make one nanowire with unique properties. Heterostructures are commonly grown via VLS.[2] These heterostructures allow nanowires to have multitude of properties. What is a semiconductor and how does it work. By strict definition, a semiconductor has a conductivity between 105 and 10-5ÃŽ ©-1m-1. This is in contrast with insulators that have conductivity of approximately 10-24ÃŽ ©-1m-1 and metals that typically have 107 to 108ÃŽ ©-1m-1. On the face of them, these numerical values are rather meaningless but they do show that a semiconductor is separate from the other two, a true genuine third category of material.[4] How a semiconductor conducts is best described by a conduction and valence band. The conduction band rests above the valence band. The conduction band contains excited electrons and the valence band contains holes. In an insulator the two bands are a vast distance away from each other. In a semiconductor the two bands are much closer together, almost touching. If a bandgap is small enough, thermal vibrations may provide enough energy for some electrons to excite from the valence band to the conduction band. In a metal the two bands overlap, leading to a low resistivity in metals.[4] The diagram below depicts what the above description. An intrinsic semiconductor has a completely filled valence band, electron and hole populations are always equal. [4] An extrinsic semiconductor is doped. Midway between the two bands lies the Fermi energy. Below the Fermi energy. At absolute zero, no electrons we be able to excite past the Fermi energy.[12] In n-type and p-type semiconductors, the Fermi energy is adjusted to be closer to valence or conduction band.[12] Between the two bandgaps there is a sea of electron density. A transistor is a semiconducting electronic switch and are commonly found embedded in integrated circuits. Down-scaling of the gate length over the years has technological devices reduce in size has caused field-effect devices to having significantly less electrostatic control of a path of conductance; more capable device have been developed such as FINFETs, Trigate transistors and ultimately gate-all-around devices (GAA).[4] Nanowire devices can come in all shapes, not sizes. Examples of nanowire devices are Field-Effect Transistors (FETS), LEDs, Tunnelling diodes, Elementary logic gates, lasers and biochemical sensors.[4] There are a number of different FETs but Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) might be the most interesting or relevant in near-future technologies and are examples of GAAs. MOSFETs are extrinsic semiconductors where the doped material has been oxidised for some insulating properties. If a metallic gate anode were deposited you have the foundation of an electrical switch. [crystalline] Carrier charge density can be changed at the Fermi energy. If the semiconductor were p-type (i.e. abundance of holes in valence band) and a positive voltage is applied to the circuit then the electrostatic energy of the holes increases. Although holes are pushed away from the anode, any attracted electrons do not compensate for the decrease in positive charge. The switching effect is reduced if charge can be stored at the interface between the insulating barrier and the Si since the potential of the silicon will be less than that of the applied gate.[4] When voltage is increased beyond a certain point electron concentration at the surface of the Si will exceed the hole concentration. This creates the on/off switching effect. This gate voltage is large enough so that the bottom of the valence band moves down. The switching effect does not work with a metallic material because the valence band would be too high still and a Fermi energy could still carry current. The semiconductor band gap controls on/off electron currents.[4] Are nanowire MOSFETs superior? Smaller semiconductor gates allows speeds up operation from shorter distances, lower areas of capacitances and Larger fields but it is risky to store charge in a transistor so small and new quantum effects come into play at a nanowire-scale. One of the capabilities of these new technologies is to produce potentials which can confine electrons to the same scale as their Fermi wavelength. Nanowire MOSFETs can also be used in high frequency circuits. In Electron microscopy high energy electrons are fired at an object and reflected electrons are collected and computed into an image. Electron microscopy generally has greater magnifying power than optical microscopes. There are two main electron microscopes and they are Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM uses secondary electron to help generate an image that gives the viewer an impression of 3D while TEM fires at thinner objects at produces a 2D image but while ultimately be more useful for imaging nanowires.[7] Larger batteries potential differences require more conductive metals. In recent years Lithium has grown popular as a cathode. Semiconducting Si could be an attractive anode for Li cathode batteries as both metals become more ubiquitous. Although Si has low discharge potential and charge capacity 10x higher than existing graphite anodes and even more so than oxide and nitride materials, Si anodes in bulk form have limited use because silicons volume is drastically altered during extraction and insertion of Li. Resulting in capacity fading and pulverisation after recharging cycles. This is depicted in the diagram below. [8] Anodes made of Si films have a stable capacity over many cycles but are not viable as a battery because they waste away over time. Nanowire are a superior alternative to bulk materials because of a piezoelectric effect: â€Å"Crystals which acquire a charge when compressed, twisted or distorted are said to be piezoelectric. This provides a convenient transducer effect between electrical and mechanical oscillations.†[9] Each Si nanowire is grown and electrically connected to a metallic substrate surface thus all nanowires contribute to the battery capacity. During Fossil fuel combustion 15 TW of heat is lost to the environment. Thermoelectric modules could potentially convert part of the heat waste to electricity.[3] As of 2008, Bi2Te3 in its bulk form was the most commonly used material for thermoelectric devices. However, it is difficult to scale bulk Bi2Te3 to large-scale energy conversion in power plants but fabricating synthetic nanostructures of Bi2Te3 for this purpose is even more difficult and expensive. Thus, Bi2Te3 is replaced with increasingly ubiquitous Si.[3] Ubiquitous Si, abundance with a low-cost and high-yield products thanks to economies of scale. Si also has advantages in thermoelectric applications. Critical spacings below 300nm in Si would reduce thermal conductivity since Si has larger differences in mean free path lengths between phonons (~300nm) and electrons (110nm) at room temperature.[3] InAs-based semiconductor nanowires can already provide a convenient basis for the development of more complex hybrid nanostructures and can contact Schottky barrier-free with metals.[6]The InAs superconducting nanowires are fabricated via catalytic process based on the VLS mechanism.[6] InAs nanowires can be grown epitaxially. Epitaxial growth means the deposited material continues to grow on the same crystalline lattice as its substrate.[2] A superconductor is material with with no resistance and generally operates at a lower temperature. Within semiconductors, there are electron pairs, separated by vast distance in comparison to the lattice spacing, are coupled. These so-called Cooper pairs can exhibit boson characteristics and condense to a ground state since their attraction produces a small pair binding energy similar to the Fermi energy level.[10] A supercurrent generates no waste heat or any other form of waste. The supercurrent can be switched on or off by the electron density acting like a transistor as described earlier. Nanowires acquire superconducting properties because of the proximity effect, a phenomenon that can occur as Cooper pairs of electrons from a superconductor flow into a normal conductor at a junction. Nanowires arent inherently superconducting or easy to make superconducting.[6] The proximity effect manifests itself through the appearance of a supercurrent, which can be viewed as a consequence of the diffusion of Cooper pairs throughout the entire length of the nanowire section between the two superconducting electrodes.[6] the proximity affect can only happen if the boundary between Superconductor and semiconductor allows electrons to move freely. Cooper pair tunnelling is an explanation of Cooper pairs where they are able to interact through quantum tunnelling. At a junction between two superconductors a nd a more resistive material i.e. S-N-S junction. Two Cooper pairs across from each other in two separate semiconductors, can feel an attraction and readily flow into the normal conductor dividing them. S-N-S junctions will also feel a Josephson effect. Cooper pair could be created in the superconductor electrons in the Fermi energy being reflected at the S-N boundary.[6] This could be because of tunnelling effects. But what of Tunable supercurrent? How can a hybrid superconductor-semiconductor device work to observe quantum phenomena? Josephson behaviour occurs at critical currents. The nanowires allows the critical current to be controlled by voltage at a gate, Vg. If this voltage is negative then electron density is reduced and nanowires perform as the weak links between tunable superconductors.[6] With the use of certain geometries, there is the possibility of controlling individual nanowires on the same IC. Majorana fermions are particles that are their own antiparticle.[13] Not much is still known about Majorama pairs, not all the theory has been made to explain them and their properties yet. They are also examples of non-Abelian anyons.[14] In the vicinity of a Zeeman field, semiconducting nanowires require strong spin-orbit to induce majorana pairing in between electron states. This proximity effect induces a topological superconductor. Majoranas can be detected by Tunnelling Spectroscopy. A superpostion of Majorana particles states will always be zero energy because the particle and antiparticle have opposite energy.[14] Said zero energy state can be found in a normal conductor acting as a junction.[11] How to summarise this dissertation? The task received was to research and review electrical properties and quantum transport in nanowire devices. This task down into an explanation of base nanowires, specifically semiconducting nanowires. Then, general devices such as transistors, batteries and thermoelectrics were reported on and how certain applications have taken advantage of nanowires in respective devices. Then analyse of quantum effects in Cooper Pairs in superconductors and Majorama fermions. Technology is advancing at an exponential pace. The smaller components can be the more attractive they to companies who manufacture and sell consumer products. The smaller a transistor is the more you can fit on an integrated circuit leading to smaller more powerful products. Majorama fermions and Cooper pair tunnelling probably wont be used in any consumer applications in the near future but nanowire semiconductors in junctions placed between superconductors show means of electrically me asuring quantum tunnelling. In the near future investigations of these particles will enhance fabrication and measuring techniques and eventually manipulate and control Majorana qubits. They are examples of non-Abelian anyons[14], quantum state after partilce exchange making them ideal for use in topological quantum computing.[13] References R. Rurali, â€Å" Structural, electronic, and transport properties of silicon nanowires†, Reviews Of Modern Physics, 82 427-449 (2010) Law, M., Goldberger, J., Yang, P. D., â€Å"Semiconductor Nanowires and Nanotubes†, Annual Review of Materials Research, 34, 83-122 (2004) Hochbaum, R. Chen, R. D. Delgado, W. Liang, E. C. Garnett, M. Najarian, A. Majumdar, P. Yang, â€Å"Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires†, Nature 451, 163-167 (2008) Crystalline Solids lecture notes http://cxs.phys.soton.ac.uk/mwf/mediawiki-1.21.2/images/7/70/2013_lecture_notes.pdf Egard M, Johansson S, Johansson AC, Persson KM, Dey AW, Borg BM, Thelander C, Wernersson LE, Lind E, â€Å"Vertical InAs nanowire wrap gate transistors with f(t) > 7 GHz and f(max) > 20 GHz†, Nano Lett. 10, 809-812 (2010). Y.-J. Doh, J. A. van Dam, A. L. Roest, E. P. A. M. Bakkers, L. P. Kouwenhoven, S. De Franceschi, â€Å"Tunable Supercurrent Through Semiconductor Nanowires†, Science 309, 272-275 (2005) C. T. K.-H. Stadtlà ¤nder, â€Å"Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Mollicutes: Challenges and Opportunities† Modern Research and Educational Topics in Microscopy, 123 (2007) C. K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. McIlwrath, X. F. Zhang, R. A. Huggins, Y. Cui, â€Å"High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires†, Nature Nanotech. 3, 31 35 (2008) Piezoelectric Effect, HyperPhysics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/piezo.html Cooper Pairs, Hyperphysics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/solids/coop.html V. Mourik, K. Zuo, S. M. Frolov, S. R. Plissard, E. P. A. M. Bakkers, L. P. Kouwenhoven, â€Å"Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices†, Science 336, 1003-1007 (2012). Fermi Level, Hyperphysics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/fermi.html Leijnse, M., Karsten,F., â€Å"Introduction to topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions† Topical review 1-20 (2012) http://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.1736v2.pdf Enter the Majorana Fermion, Sciencemag.org, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6084/989.full.pdf

Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia

Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia Sales promotion girl is basically a girl who is promoting or selling something. She is one of the marketing parts of a company to promote their product to the customer. In Indonesia, the term sales promotion girl has arrived to a certain and unique connotation which is considered negative. Sales promotion girl in Indonesia is identical with young girls wearing sexy outfit seducing people to buy something. They are usually high school or university student -young and attractive essentially stealing all the glances from people around them. It is a bit hard to find the most correct definition of sales promotion girl. There is no such entry in the dictionary and when you typed it in the internet, mostly will give you a false answer, just a cheap site writing sales promotion girl to make people click on that site. There is no information contained there, just ads. They want to increase their click to get money from the internet business. This is some the result I get from Wikipedia (English) when I entered the keyword of sales promotion girl.  · Tell Me Why (Spice Girls song) Tell Me Why is a song by the Spice Girls , which was scheduled as the second However due to poor sales of Forever, the single was later 5 KB (623 words) 22:03, 25 November 2009  · Forever (Spice Girls album) (section Promotion) Forever is the third studio album by English pop group the Spice Girls , drop in sales compared to because of lack of promotion especially 13 KB (1,459 words) 21:55, 25 November 2009  · Sentimental Graffiti which spurred a large media sales campaign designed to widen the A unit entitled SG girls was formed and numerous events and concert 10 KB (1,487 words) 07:47, 25 March 2009  · Step to Me Kingdom running alongside sales promotion activities, notably one by where them off and received the free Spice Girls CD single Step to Me 2 KB (259 words) 04:30, 16 November 2009  · Giants and Toys candy company to compete with the rival Giant and Apollo companies over caramel sales. tomboy girl with bad center of their promotional campaign 2 KB (303 words) 04:59, 18 November 2009  · Purple Haze (album) to the lack of promotion Camron asked to be released from the label. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA with sales of over half a 7 KB (981 words) 03:59, 24 November 2009  · Boys Like Girls Boys Like Girls is an American rock band from Boston , Massachusetts , who gained promotional front page first week of sales, thus 22 KB (3,033 words) 22:51, 25 November 2009 (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearchsearch=sales+promotion+girlgo=Go) I wonder why there is no entry for sales promotion girl in Wikipedia. Is it because people outside Indonesia did not use that term? I found that it is very hard to find a relevant article to support my research. Most of them is just those cheap ads site or the porn site which including sales promotion girl as their tag. Sales promotion girl is something which could not be separated from the company chain of supply. Sales promotion girl is the one who is facing the customer personally. There are sales promotion girl which are organic and non organic. Organic means that those sales promotion girl are the real employee of the company which are in charge in promotion of the goods made by the company. Non organic means that the sales promotion girl is only a temporary workforce which is hired with a limited time contract. The sales promotion girl could come from their individual or from the agency which provide at ready to use sales promotion girl stock. There are even sales promotion girls which comes from an outsourcing company. Nowadays, there is also security, telephone operator or cleaning service which comes from those company. The existence of the sales promotion girl in a promotion event such as mobile road trip or stand exhibition is useful in attracting the customer. The prospective customer will firstly look at the physical appearance of the sales promotion girl, if they think that she is attractive, they might want to come to the stand, receiving some brochure given by them, trying the product, etc. On the contrary, there is some company which do not feel that the existence of the sales promotion girl is important, especially the non organic one. This is due to the sales promotion girl which are non organic usually do not have a good competencies for the product which they are going to sell. They do not have time to learn about the product knowledge usually because the sales promotion girl is usually accepting a sudden job. There are also some sales promotion girl which care nothing with their product knowledge. They just think that they must attract the customer with their physical appearance and just giving the customer a brochure and explain the product just in brief. They just think how to end their shift and get the money for that day. Unlike the organic sales promotion girl who is more adept at the product knowledge because she is a part of the company. However, not every non organic sales promotion girl is like that. There are also non organic sales promotion girl who are trying to learn the product knowledge deeply. They are positioning themselves just like the common customer who will always want to know the detail of the product. They could even be a professional sales promotion girl who buy the product which they are going to sell so that they could understand what the customer will feel after buying the product. Sales promotion girl must master the product which they are going to sell. She must know what their competitor do. For example, a sales promotion girl of Kartu Halo must understand the product knowledge of Kartu Halo and understand all of the other postpaid services such as Xplor from Excelcomindo Pratama and Matrix from Indosat, and vice versa. Thats why the company and the sales promotion girl will need CAD (Competitor Activity Data). After the sales promotion girl has master more product knowledge and the competitors, this sales promotion girl will be a qualified sales promotion girl. There is not uncommon for this type of non organic sales promotion girl could enter the high position of the company and get an important position at the company which she used to joined partially. There are public known that the â€Å"requirements† to be listed as one the sales promotion girl come mostly from their physical appearance. They should be tall, white, pretty, and willing to use a sexy uniform which in fact, has no relation to the product they are selling. Sometimes, they are also selling things which have no correlation to a woman. Well, sometimes, another requirement such as the fluency in English or other language is necessary, but it is not mandatory. The most popular field in this sales promotion girl business is in the cigarette and automobile industry. Could you imagine a sexy lady coming to you and asking whether you are smoking or not? She is bringing a pack of cigarette with a short skirt and tight blouse which hardly covers her underwear. Most people-usually the male would say YES even if they are actually not smoking. They are just doing it to keep the conversation, to make her keep talking to them. Then, she will promote her product-cigarette in this case, explaining its taste, the sensation and the brand, which will not even reach their brain which are now occupied as their testosterone production increasing. â€Å"The hell with the cigarette.† Maybe it is what they are thinking in that situation. Then, she will give you a free sample of cigarette. You smoke it and hope that you will look cool to her. Then you will buy two packs of the cigarettes to impress her, she will say thank you, and left you with two packs of cigarettes which you wont even smoke! Another case of the sales promotion girl is in the automobile industry. There is usually a car exhibition in the center of the shopping mall. There are a lot of new cars showed which are usually â€Å"guarded† by sexy ladies who will gives you a brochure of that car. Both the girls and the cars will likely take all of the male species attention. Nobody could resist the temptation to peek a glance on the masterpiece work of human and god Himself. The business is using the ultimate creation of God to sell the ultimate creation of mankind. From the logical point of view, the practice of this sales promotion girl is belittling woman. It makes people questioning whether the business is utilizing the woman to sell their product or they are selling the woman instead. Well, they are not really selling the woman, but they are selling them literally. They are dressing her, exposing her in order to get peoples attention and eventually buy their product. It makes people think that Indonesias woman is available for sale. Essentially, the duty of a salesperson is to attract the prospective customer, promoting his/her product, and then persuade them to buy the product. But as time goes by, customers need something which is more attractive to make them turn their attention to something. They are tired of the sale announcement, free product, or special offer with small star written terms and condition apply. They need something more straightforward. Something which they could instantly obtained without having to do some requirement. The sales promotion girl is the answer to all of this demand. You want to see her? Just go ahead. You could look at her from the distance. You dont need to buy a product to look at her. It will cost you nothing to see those amazing figure. Its all for FREE!! Sales promotion girl is always being the frontal line of a sale, especially in launching of a new product. In promoting their product, sales promotion girl must have 4 skills in: 1. See A customer of course want to see the product which he is going to but first before he finally decided to buy the product. It means that the product must be attractive to them. That includes the people who are selling those products. The sales promotion girl should be attractive in order to make the customer see their product. 2. Touch After the customer is attracted to the product, this is the time for the sales promotion girl to â€Å"touch† the customer needs and wants to provoke them to buy the product. This is the chance for the sales promotion girl to allow the customer to look closely or even try the product which they are going to buy. 3. Feel Different After the customer coming to the stand, trying the product, the sales promotion girl should give them detail explanation about the product. What makes them different from other product? What is something special about those things? Will it be beneficial for the customer? 4. Buy Finally, it is time for the closing sales. Physical attraction power combined with fluency in communicating between the sales promotion girl and the customer will finally lead to the decision of the customer to buy the product. That is the reason why most people using the sales promotion girl rather than sales promotion boy. Nowadays, some people also feel empty when there is no sales promotion girl on an exhibition. It can be said that in an exhibition it is not only the product which the customer are looking for. It is also the sales promotion girl which is now an important part for the show. The spark of the sales promotion girl world in big events has attract many young girls with beautiful body to do this job which give quite good income. Many of the sales promotion girl are actually trying for the first time but then they got addicted to it. Maybe it is because of the money of the junior and the senior sales promotion girl are the same, or maybe it is because the work area which do not absorb too many brain of physical power. There is usually no specific test to be a sales promotion girl. Theres usually not even a single test held. Just submit your photo, identity, and interview (which sometimes is not conducted) and you are officially worked as a sales promotion girl. Psycho test, which are usually held before hiring someone, is used to : 1. Make objective decision. Psycho test will be supported by standardized test utensils which could increase the objectivity of the decision. By doing so, the decision to accept or reject a new employee will be based on the strong objective reason. 2. Validity of the test utensils. Psychology test is developed by scientific method so that the interpretation of the test is accurate and reliable to predict the prospective employee psychological. If this method is combined with the interview, it could accurately predict the performance of the prospective employee. 3. Reduce the cost of wrong recruiting A mistake in recruiting a wrong employee is very costly for the company, in example in the training fee or the advertising fee. Its not even included the energy and time used to the recruitment process. A psycho test could reduce those cost and they are relatively cheaper compared to the cost spent if the employee chosen is not competent. A psycho test also ensures a high chemistry between the prospective employee and the employer. But, there is also some exception to this psycho test. There is some case which the psycho test is not needed. The reasons are: 1. They nature of the job. There is some company which uses employee only for temporarily only, for example for data entry. If the entry job is done, than the job is done. The company did not need to use that employee again. For this type of job, psycho test is not effective because the employee wont be in the company for a long time. However, there is also some exception for this reason, for example if the employee, even temporarily working at the company, is having an important job. In that case, the occurrence of a psycho test is a must. 2. The responsibility of the job. An employee at a managerial level or the position which has a high effect to the company will be better to use a psycho test. There are a lot of money and cost allocated to those people and if the company chooses the wrong people, the cost could be multiplied. 3. Long term career development. If the job and the position has a possibility of a career development, it will be better to use a psycho test so that the company could get an employee which is really fit between the job and the characteristic of the individual psychological. 4. The cost of the test. Many company which have a big cost budget for the recruitment process so that they are doing the test for every position. However, there are also some company which does not have it. Due to that, it is necessary to find out the need of psychological test which is fit with the position which needs to be filled. Do not find a senior manager with a bad psychological test which is not accurate. 5. The availability of the prospective employee in the market. There is time in a specific job where the prospective employee is very high, making it easier to find the replacement immediately. In the other hand, there are also certain position which the candidate is very scarce and very hard to be found. For this type of position, it will be better if the company uses the psycho test because that kind of job usually needed some specific psychological requirement, or those people on the market who has specific personality. For this type of job, the company will need to make an accurate decision, which could be obtained by using this psycho test. So, by considering those factors, it is clear why sometimes sales promotion girl recruitment uses no psycho test. Maybe the job of the sales promotion girl is just a temporary job, or there is no career path for the sales promotion girl. It could also be possible that the company has no budget to conduct a psycho test for the sales promotion girl or maybe there are so many sales promotion girl availability in the market which makes the company think that there is no use to conduct the psycho test. (http://www.portalhr.com/klinikhr/strategis/4id1252.html) translated Being a sales promotion girl is not a very hard job. Due to by the fun got while working, sales promotion girl sometimes feel comfortable in doing her job. Sometimes being a sales promotion girl could even bring some other fun outside their work life. Creating a new relation and having an easy access to enter a nightclub really lead them to the hedonism lifestyle. All of this are mostly a result of trying or following a friend. There is even some of the sales promotion girl which leave their education; in high school or university. They do that because they feel comfortable in being a sales promotion girl. They are addicted to the sales promotion girl job. Their life has become a public concern, especially for a rich male who is looking for some sexual replenishment, which could increase their income. There is a new slang in the sales promotion girl world called SPG BISPAK which stands for SPG bisa dipakai (could be used). It means that the sales promotion girl could be booked anytime. With a sum of money they are willing to sleep together. Well, not every sales promotion girl are bispak, but that kind of sales promotion girl has really contaminated the job of the sales promotion girl. Those sales promotion girls who feel that they are not bispak should handle the peer pressure of the other people. Actually those sales promotion girls who are bispak is actually coming from those good girl who are just trying or invited by their friends. To know which kind of sales promotion girl are you encountering to is not easy. Even if they are seducing and naughty, that dont straightly means that they are the bispak. The personal approach is the best way to get more service from the sales promotion girl. The reason why many people prefer to have sex with a sales promotion girl is that they are different from the prostitute which are selling themselves in the street. Sex, is not their main business, so that people think that they are fresher and tighter compared to other prostitute. They do not do sex every day, just sometimes perhaps. Having sex with a sales promotion girl has less risk either. From the health, because they do not have sex as much as the prostitute, they have smaller chance to infect the sexually transmitted disease. Of course, that benefit should be covered by a lot of money. There are also some of this sales promotion girl who have dedicated themselves to be wanita simpanan (2nd wife) for certain people. It could be a rich businessmen or ministers. They are facilitated by them in return of the sexual replenishment given by the sales promotion girl. They are given an apartment to live, a car to use, or even with a driver. All that they need to do is just to keep this a secret, wait for a call from her man, and give them the best service that they could. To ameliorate the term sales promotion girl, some company changes it into Female Presenter. There is no difference in the profession, with the same payment, same rules, same job description. Too bad that even the name has been changed, but the impression made by them is stay the same. They are a young, good looking lady who is seducing man to buy their product. All of this sales promotion girl features cannot be changed by sales promotion boy. There is a funny example from inspirasipakde.com. Two pictures comparing sales promotion boys and sales promotion girls. Even if they are taking the same pose, It just doesnt make it. From my point of view, maybe because I am a male, Id rather choose the girl ads, and I do not want to see those boys posing in front of the car. It is just disgusting. But there is not only good story exist in the sales promotion girl world. There is also a funny story. When Anlene, a milk product was launching their product for the first time and the company didnt have enough fund to accommodate their transportation, the sales promotion girls are the one who became the victim. They should sit in the truck to be able to promote their product to the consumers. They do this so that the sales promotion girl could give personal approach to every consumers. Nowadays, as Anlene has grown into a big company, they are still using their sales promotion girl forces to keep their position in the market. We could easily spotted Anlene sales promotion girl in Carrefour or giant. Of course, they are not using the truck to get there now. In Indonesia, it must be tough For the sales promotion girl herself to keep hanging on this job. Not because of the income. A sales promotion girl is well paid in terms of salary. In 2009, a sales promotion girl could get Rp 300,000,00 per day for a full day work at a big event such as international expo, not including the commission obtained from the sale they made. The burden mostly comes from other people view of her. Maybe the people who pass by will think that she is a cheap woman, selling herself in the public or doing something haram for the Muslims by showing her body to other people. But those burdens would not equal to the negative view given by people near her; her family, her friends, or her boyfriends. What if they think that she is such a shaming girl? What if they refuse to call her as a sister, or daughter, or mother? The money she get will be worthless compared to all of this burden. There will always be a battle in a sales promotion girls heart. I wonder if she asks herself everyday whether what she is doing is a right thing. Infogue, Indonesian social portal, used to interview a sales promotion girl named Nina. She is a university student who works as a sales promotion girl to pay her tuition fee. At the time being, she is working at Indonesia International Motor Show (IIMS) 2008. She is a new girl in this industry, who has only just 1 year experience, but has been hired by many company. She starts this job by being a sales promotion girl for a cigarette, cell phone and automobile company. She said that from job, she could know a lot of people characteristic and feel more independent. She could now pay her own tuition fee for her bachelor degree. She admitted that she got different salary from each company, but the highest salary comes from cell phone company which could pay her Rp 300,000,00 per day. From 10 days of exhibition, she was usually hired for 8 or 9 days. In a month, Nina said that she could get 2 or 3 job. Could you imagine how big it is? Nina also said that being an automobile sales promotion girl is really tough because she need to have a lot of product knowledge. The customers are likely to ask a question and sometimes she could not answer those questions. Since she could get a lot of money from this job, she never thinks to work in the office. Moreover, her parents support her in doing her job. Once she heard her friend who was working in the offices story. She thought that the office job was so boring, just sitting inside the room and not getting as much salary as she get. She prefers to meet people just like what she does in this job(endel, infogue) Another story of from the sales promotion girls side of view is the story of Dewi. She is a 19 year old girl, who is working as a sales promotion girl in Arena Pekan Raya Jakarta at Kemayoran, Central Jakarta. When she is interviewed by Kompas, she is wearing short red skirt and a tight blouse with a hat and ponytail. She is working at a Japanese motorcycle company. Her job is to accompany the potential buyer and explain everything related to the product which they want to buy. That day, Dewi could sell 2 motorcycle after she clearly describe the products advantage. Dewi is not ashamed to work as a sales promotion girl. She uses everything she has such as her attractive face, nice body figure, and her talking ability. At 2007, Dewi was paid Rp. 100,000,00/day. That number, of course, does not include the bonus received if she is able to make a sale. At that time, she was aiming to get 5 million from the Pekan Raya Jakarta event. Unfortunately, not every sales promotion girl is paid as high as Dewi does. The sales promotion girl in furniture is only paid Rp 20,000,00 up to Rp 50,000,00 per day excluding the commission for the sales made. Too bad that those girls do not get as much fortune as Dewi do. Compared to the motorcycle product, the furniture product is not attractive to the customer. There is another girl named Fitri. She is not actually a girl now. She is a mother of 1 child. She tells her boss that she is still single and has no children to be accepted as a sales promotion girl. She does this to get some money and hopefully a big bonus to increase her income. (Adi Kurniawan, kompas cyber media) Do you know DJARUM Cigarette? That product is made in Indonesia and has been imported abroad. It is very popular outside of Indonesia, it even has its own ads on the penthouse magazine. Too bad that Djarum promote their product by using those sexy sales promotion girl with nearly no clothing attached to them. The writer of the article ask whether we should be proud by this achievement or not. (Djarum Ads) (Djarum Sales promotion girl) It could be concluded that Indonesia is a hypocrite country from this issues. The country which is well known as one of the biggest Muslims country in the world is in fact, allowing such thing to occur. While the house of representative is proposing an anti-pornography constitution, the capital of the country is displaying semi-pornography show. The capital of the country-Jakarta, which is recently rated as the 2nd worst city in the world, the symbol of hedonism and materialism is totally contradicting the constitution. There even used to be a case of Yahya Zaini, a minister of religion is taped having sex with a dangdut singer. It really show how hypocritical we are. If you typed the word sales promotion girl in google, the first entry of the page will be those sales promotion girl related to sex. Sales promotion girl video, pictures, sex tape, everything about the negative one. If you type the word sales promotion girl and search for its picture, you will see mostly are pornographic photo of them. Better keep your parental control on if you are with your children. There is a site in the internet named www.spgindonesia.com. They are a company which provide a sales promotion girl or boy service. Here are the information on the homepage. Welcomes to www.spgindonesia.com www.spgindonesia.com is Event Organizer initial from supply area services of Stand Guide (SPG/SPB) and the conspecific. Since established in 2004 until now we have more than 1000 smart friendly crews professionals which become the main capital in promoting a product during event take places. This website also can be the place to meets the exhibitor/ owner and the Stand Guide (SPG/SPB). Exhibitor from industrial circle, company and even from agent or distributor. www.spgindonesia.com will be help you for the event like :Presentation, launching product, soft/grand opening, photo session, gathering, TV program, TV Commercial, video clip, celebration, conferences, meeting, seminar, fashion show, exhibition and other event.As easy as click the mouse, the picture of our crew and their personal datas can bee seen in this sites. Even the service request of the crew can be recruited on line. Come from the service feeder of stand guide, this sites also provid es : model of advertisement print ad and also audio visual, usherette at opening event, bridesmaid at event of wedding ceremony, musician, disk jockey, comedian, announcer, master of ceremony, presenter, singer, dancer nor becomes mannequin, catwalk model and actress. For institution, company and also individual who is requiring employee( formal/temporary officer), like :Liaison officer, secretary, operator, receptionist, marketing, executive and other, we will provide as according to criterion characteristic required.In the advances, we also provides package event of celebration ( music group, singer, DJ, dancer, comedy, MC and other) tidy with theme based on the request; of the event organizer. (http://www.spgindonesia.com/home.asp) At this site, the customer could use a sales promotion girl to be : Hormein24 Stand guide Presenter Singer Interpreter Usher Master of Ceremony Dancer City Guides Print ad model Cinema casting Liaison office Musician Audio visual model Catwalk Escort/companion DJ Hormein24 In certain event such as: Hormein24 Exhibition Cinema casting Wedding ceremony Music concert Entertainment Shooting Product launching Photo session Sports event Seminar Fashion show Tour Hormein24 We could see that this site is really providing competent sales promotion girl in many different type of event. If only every sales promotion girl could follow this good example, the negative image of a sales promotion girl could perish. From the request tab of www.spgindonesia.com, we could see that all we need to do to use one of their crew services is by just simply sending the client identity, interested in using their service as, for what event, the date, time, and place of the event, and the client could even choose the crew which they want to use. There are a picture for every crew in www.spgindonesia.com. The client just need to tick the sales promotion girl which they want from the total 55 crew of www.spgindonesia.com. This practice looks like we are choosing the girls which we want to use in the massage center. There are also other sales promotion girl agency which opens their recruitment at the internet. They are also offering their service through the internet. This is the result I find when I type the keyword sales promotion girl agency in google  · Hiburan Model Indonesia 29 Apr 2009 Bursa lowongan kerja Sales Promotions Girl/Stand Guide. Elok Agency Agensi SPG (sales promotion girl). Jakarta. Kamis, 21-Agustus-2008, www.endonesia.com/mod.php?mod=katalogop46 Tembolok Mirip  · Model Indonesia Network Foto Model Agency Photo Model model agency management artis fashion model indonesia foto model indonesia models indonesia Sales Promotion Girl (SPG)  · Calon Model Wanita model-indonesia.net/ Tembolok Mirip  · spg Foto Model Agency Photo Model Indonesia | Cari Artis model agency management artis fashion model indonesia foto model Lowongan Kerja SPG SEPATU CV BINA CIPTA MANDIRI di Sidoarjo November 2009. model-indonesia.net/spg.html Tembolok Mirip  · Doeta Agency, SPG agency, SPG event, Usher, Umbrella girl, Caddie 13 Nov 2009 Doeta Agency, SPG agency, SPG event, Usher, Umbrella girl, Caddie | Architect Contractor Forums : Architect Property Club | Ad | 88DB id.88db.com/id//Property_Agent_Developer_Community/? Tembolok  · Kerjasama Dancer , sexy dancer , SPG (sales promotion girl 30 Jun 2008 FAMOUS AGENCY adalah pe

Edmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene Essays

Edmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene "Voyeur: one who habitually seeks sexual stimulation by visual means" (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary). According to Baby's Record, as a child my favorite stories included Daniel in the Lions' Den, Jonah and the Whale, Elisha and the 40 Children Eaten by the Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Before sex came violence, tamed by a mother's lap and blessed by the inspired Word. Voyeurism may well be "the relation . . . of every reader to every novel, of every spectator to every painting, play and film" (Paglia 191); as an "innocent" child, I had already allowed my "untamed pagan eye" to feast fully upon the delightful spectacle of human beings disappearing into the ravenous jaws of nature. To paraphrase Paglia I was at a tender age already "deeply implicated" (191). But perhaps sexuality has never been my strong suit. I must admit that I, unlike Paglia, saw The Faerie Queene above all as an allegory of "the Christian struggling heroically against many evils . . separated ...

Feminine Sexuality and Passion in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay

Feminine Sexuality and Passion in Kate Chopin's The Storm         Ã‚   In Kate Chopin's short story The Storm, the narrative surrounds the brief extramarital affair of two individuals, Calixta and Alcà ©e. Many critics do not see the story as a condemnation of infidelity, but rather as an affirmation of human sexuality. This essay argues that "The Storm" may be interpreted as an affirmation of feminine sexuality and passion as well as a condemnation of its repression by the constraints of society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If one is to attempt to interpret The Storm, it becomes necessary to examine the conditions surrounding the story's genesis. The story was written in 1898, very shortly after Chopin had completed "The Awakening", "the boldest treatment so far in American literature of the sensuous, independant woman" (Seyersted 1969, p164). "The Storm" was not published, however, until well after Chopin's death, doubtless because of the as-yet unparalleled sensuousness of the story and its characters. In his critical biography Kate Chopin, Per Seyersted argues that "The Storm" is objective in its portrayal of human sexuality and that Chopin is "not consciously speaking as a woman, but as an individual" (p169). One must question this assertion, however; it is doubtful that in writing "The Storm" so soon after completing her 'feminist' novel, Chopin had "the protest of "The Awakening" off her mind" (p169).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The title of "The Storm", with its obvious connotations of sexual energy and passion, is of course critical to any interpretation of the narrative. Chopin's title refers to nature, which is symbolically feminine; the storm can therefore be seen as symbolic of feminine sexuality and passion, and the image of the storm will ... ...l constraints; her unreserved portrayal of feminine sexuality would have been seen as a radical affront to the society of her time. The ending is therefore purposefully ambiguous: one may see the storm's passage as implying a happy ending, or one may see it as implying that the storm will eventually return, perhaps with the intent to destroy. Kate Chopin, however, sees feminine sexuality as something that is pure, natural, and very real in its existence; one cannot assume that a brief and limited awakening that passes like a storm will be enough to make one happy.    List of References Used * Chopin, Kate. "The Storm" in Fiction 100: An Anthology of Short Stories (6th edition), by James H. Pickering. Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada, 1992. * Seyersted, Per. Kate Chopin: A Critical Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.